I don't really recall seeing the guards in Phantom Menace or Revenge of the Sith, unless I haven't been looking at the right sceneries? As far as I'm aware, my only exposure to the Jedi Temple Guards was during that Clone Wars arc where Ahsoka is taken to trial, and a group of them tried to stop Anakin and Bariss Offee from fighting, "Cease hostilities!" And of course there was the Grand Inquistor's backstory somewhat revealed in a Rebels S2 episode.