<p>Since Star Wars isn't science-fiction, we are not required to know all the details of the science behind the chips. All we need to know is that EMP most likely didn't affect them.</p><p>
</p><p>Another way to think about this is... multiple reasonable explanations could be used to explain it, but since it has no impact on the actual story, explaining the science is unnecessary.</p><p>
</p><p>***</p><p>
</p><p>Bonus, try reading the wiki. You might learn things that you never thought of.</p><p>
</p><p>Canon:
starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Control_chip</p><p>
</p><p>Legends:
starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Inhibitor_chip</p>